Stochastic operation of energy constrained microgrids considering battery degradation

Power systems with high penetration of variable renewable generation are vulnerable to periods low generation. An alternative retain dispatchable capacity is electric energy storage that enables utilization surplus power, where the contributes security supply. Such can be considered as energy-constrained, and operation must balance minimization current operating costs against risk not being able meet future demand. Safe efficient requires stochastic methods sufficient foresight. Operation dependent degradation a complicating factor. This paper proposes linear approximation battery state-of-charge implements it in dual dynamic programming based energy-management model combination cycling degradation. The long-term implications modeling daily studied for small Norwegian microgrid power limited well hydrogen supply Our results show proposed strategy prolong expected lifetime by more than four years compared naive but may cause increased other system resources.